Tag Archives: Landscape

Landscapes, Wildlife and a Feeding Frenzy at Cradle Mountain

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Tuesday 10 September 2024 – When we looked out of the window this morning, it had clearly rained hard during the night, but it was difficult to tell if it was drizzling right now or whether the weather was just that air-borne moisture you get when you’re in a cloud. Anyway, it wasn’t bucketing down as we walked round the lodge’s lake to breakfast, and there was possibly even the hint of a lift in the weather.

On the basis of various weather forecasts, we decided that rather than wrap ourselves up in something warm and stay indoors, we should go for a walk. Not obviously, by any means, though.  Just down the road from our hotel is the Cradle Mountain Visitor Centre,

where we went to get our Parks Pass and also a ticket for the shuttle bus which would take us to one of the well-known walks in the area, a circuit round Dove Lake. The total cost was not small, but, as with the Russell Falls park, it was clear as we walked around that there was a lot of work involved in maintaining paths and other facilities, so it was money well spent.

The terrain we could see from the bus

underlined how wet the place was. Basically, we have been wet and cold since we left Hobart, and we asked the hotel receptionist if this was normal. She said, emphatically, that it was not; in the 12 seasons she’d worked in Cradle Mountain, this was the first time they’d had such consistent rain for such a long time – every day for two weeks.

The shuttle bus has a few stops en route to Dove Lake, the first of which was at the Ranger Station;

they were clearly expecting me and wanted to make sure that I stayed safe.

At Dove Lake, the prospects for spectacular scenery were a little less than uplifting

but since we’d made the effort (and paid the bus fare!) to get there and it was only drizzling, we grimly struck out on the 6km Dove Lake circuit. This is largely a well-maintained path

with steps to help with ascents and descents

and boardwalk to get you across the tricky bits. Every so often, the drizzle would stop for a few minutes, and one could begin to make out the reason that the area is called Cradle Mountain,

and the general scenery, whilst being exceedingly moist, was not unattractive.

As we worked our way along the path, the weather lifted a little more, the cradle became clearer to see,

and we could see that there was snow on the upper slopes of the mountains on the other side of the lake.

Every so often there was something to remark on, whether it be multiple Pandanus trees

or some extra highlights among the greens of the trees.

We reached the far end of the lake

and continued on the path, through an area called the “Ballroom Forest”.

It’s clearly a forest, and probably rainforest at that, but we couldn’t fathom the reason for its other name.

We noticed at this point that the top of the cradle was beginning to clear, and one could actually make out snow on the slopes.

The unrelenting treeness of the view gave way to rock at one point

though in the event it meant that one had to duck as one went past – there was a distinct lack of headroom.

We carried on, along paths that were easy to follow but more difficult to walk on – there were more uneven surfaces, and the unremitting rain of the previous days meant that there was, more often than not, a river running along the middle of the path, requiring fancy footwork for those, like me, who were not wearing boots and didn’t want wet feet.

The return half features quite a steep climb

at the top of which a pied currawong came to ask us why we were breathing so hard.

At about this time, the weather really did lift and we could see the cradle quite clearly as we looked back,

but the lump we’d just climbed over was getting in the way, and we wondered if we’d miss out on a clear view of the mountains before we finished the walk.  The clouds did swirl back in as we passed a boathouse

but eventually, our luck was in as we reached the point on the circuit where the Iconic Cradle Mountain Shot could be captured.

There are even instructions on a noticeboard as to how to post your attempt at the shot on social media. That’s how iconic the location is.

In the end, it was an enjoyable walk, as it ended with the sun almost shining, and there being no rain, so we were glad we had made the effort to get out. As we drove back to the hotel and I concentrated on avoiding the craters in the road, Jane suddenly yelled “wombat!”. At first, I thought this was a critique of my driving, but actually it was because there was, indeed, a wombat beside the road, so we screeched to a halt so we could take a closer look. This was my first-ever wombat,

much more interesting than the wallaby which was quietly lying a little further away wondering what all the fuss was about.

Not only did I see my first wombat in this area, but also my first-ever pademelon!

so we were very happy as we got back to the hotel.  We had a short rest before we had to go out again, on the day’s booked excursion to a place even closer than the Visitor Centre. As we drove there, we passed a couple of cars off to the side of the road, a sure sign that there was Something To See.  In this case, there were a couple more wombats, just grazing away beside the road. I got some video of one of them,

and we carried on to our activity, which was at a place called Devils@Cradle. I guess its name gives away what we’d find there:

Tasmanian Devils, an endangered species of marsupial found only on this island. We had booked to see them being fed, which happens late in the day, as they are basically crepuscular creatures, but we turned up early so that we could take a look around and see what other creatures were being looked after there.  These included Quolls, of two different sorts: Eastern Quoll

(also seen here in a dark morph)

and Spotted Tail Quoll.

These, like the Devils are (a) marsupials, (b) endangered and (c) nowhere near as cute as they look. All three creatures are ravenous meat eaters and not to be treated lightly; as far as they’re concerned, humans are just meat, and so trying to pet them is likely to end in tears, as in fingers being torn off hands. Each animal has hugely strong jaws – ounce for ounce stronger even than hyenas – and their jaws can gape extraordinarily wide, which helps them as they tear and rend. This one, though, was just yawning.

The Devils@Cradle centre, whilst undeniably a tourist attraction, is actually a serious scientific endeavour as part of conservation efforts concerning these creatures.  The Tasmanian Devils, particularly, are at risk, mainly because of human activity, killing them often out of fear (they can make a blood-curdling screeching sound if they’re in disagreement among themselves) or because they can be a threat to domestic animals. A result of this depleted population is a lack of genetic diversity, and a rather unpleasant – transmissible – cancer has struck a large majority of the Devil population. Devils@Cradle has a small but significantly cancer-free population of Tasmanian Devils to help preserve the species. Its decline is very unfortunate, because Devils have an important role to play in the environment; like hyenas, they can hunt but also clear up remnants of carcases left by other predators. Sadly, if these carcases are roadkill, the Devils themselves are threatened by traffic; in their eagerness to consume the carcase, they just pile in and will still be on the road as the next vehicle comes along…

The Quolls too are under threat from urban development and, particularly, from the feral cat population, so the establishment is also involved in maintaining a breeding population and managing reintroductions.

Devils@Cradle, though, has no government funding, so depends on visitors for its money. One of the attractions they offer is a chance to see the animals being fed. It’s a very well-organised and information-rich activity. In our case, our guide was Sarah,

seen here displaying the wallaby legs that she would be using to feed the Devils. She was very knowledgeable, engaging and informative about the creatures, the need for conservation and the work that the centre is doing.

If you are of a sensitive nature, I suggest you skip the rest of this post, as it features images of bits of animals being torn to shreds.

Still here?  OK, here are some still images of Devils being fed

(note the currawong, which is hanging around in case something is left over) and the quolls ditto.

Note that Sarah doesn’t just throw them the meat, because then they would just grab it and run for cover; to ensure they stay out for the punters, she attaches it to a hook so that the spectacle can be watched.

They may look cute, but, like the Bugblatter Beast of Traal, they’re very ravenous.

Here’s some video which might really put you off your dinner. You Have Been Warned.

It was a very interesting evening – informative and educational, albeit cold and wet as it rained towards the end of it, not that the animals cared.

So ended our day at Cradle Mountain. Tomorrow we head back east, for some R&R at Launceston in north central Tasmania. We have no formal activities booked but you can bet your sweet bippies that if it ain’t raining we’ll go for a walk. Obviously.

Coober Pedy – Life Underground

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Monday 26 August 2024 – Today was our last full day on the Ghan, and our final excursion, to a far away place with a strange-sounding name – Coober Pedy (pronounced “Peedy”). It was an exceedingly content-rich day; in other words this is a long post warning. I recommend you get yourself a cuppa or a glass of something stronger and settle down to read about the day.

After our stop at Alice and moving on overnight, the landscape had changed markedly.

We pulled into Manguri,

which was just a halt, really – no actual station or anything; just a gathering point so that people could hop on to the relevant coach for their chosen excursion. It was noticeable at this point that the temperature had dropped significantly now that we were moving south; it was very pleasant, in the low 20s, and a nice change from the 30+ temperatures we’d had further north.

We were booked on a general “explore Coober Pedy” tour, and I have to say I had no idea what to expect; all I knew was that it was the centre of a significant mining industry. The industry in question, or the quest which caused a lot of industry, is opals, and it’s a very significant one – Coober Pedy is estimate to produce around three-quarters of the world’s opal supply.

It turns out that mining opals is akin to gambling.  It’s not quite the same; gamblers always lose, the only winner being whichever house provides the game. In opal mining, it’s possible to win big or lose everything; apparently there’s a phenomenon called “opal fever”, where miners simply get addicted to the search for the next big opal seam. The trouble is that there’s no certain way of locating a seam of opal-bearing rock except simply to dig a hole and start looking around. It was not long after our coach set out (on a dirt road for much of the way) that we saw the first evidence of what effect this speculative hole digging actually has on the landscape.

Every single one of those heaps of rock, which are called “mullock heaps”, marks the presence of a hole that someone has dug in search of opals. They are everywhere on the landscape.

Apparently, even if nothing is found, the holes are not filled in with the mullock that’s been excavated, as this would result in unstable and unsafe terrain; so the holes just remain there, with a heap of mullock beside each one.

Some digging obviously uncovers rich seams which get expanded as they’re explored,

and some appear sufficiently promising that drills are set up to explore further

with blowers to clear the excavated dust away – drill on the left above, blower on the right,

and a blower in action above.

There are two main types of drills – small-bore ones for initial exploration, and larger-bore for creating a main hole from which tunnels can radiate out in the search for these precious mineral creations.

The process of claiming territory to mine is quite straightforward, but the manner of extracting opals is delicate and precise as opal is a fragile material; it doesn’t lend itself to industrial-scale large mining machinery, which is why the landscape is dotted with holes and heaps. Anyone can basically dig a hole anywhere for initial exploration. If such exploration yields a sufficiently good prospect of finding opal seams among the rock, then a (renewable) claim can be lodged (and paid for) for a certain area around the hole and for a certain period of time – maybe 20 metres for three months – and the person who lodged that claim puts pegs to mark the claimed area. They are then not allowed to move the pegs or to lodge another claim until the expiration of the current one, which puts a stop to people making multiple explorations. And there’s absolutely no guarantee that an exploration will find opals – it’s entirely a gamble.

The base rock in which opals form is sandstone. Water, seeping into the ground, picks up silica from the sandstone and then settles into cracks and other voids in the stone. Over millions of years, the water evaporates, leaving behind deposits of silica spheres; if these spherical silica deposits are arranged neatly in a uniform lattice arrangement, the interference and diffraction of light between the layers creates the colours which mark out a valuable opal; if irregular, then the result is called “podge” and is not particularly valuable. Extracting opal from rock requires extreme care – if an opal is cracked it loses all its value, so it is basically a manual operation, which explains why the good stones are so expensive.

The landscape this extraordinary industry produces is unique and strange.

You’ll notice that the landscape is utterly devoid of trees, which means that early settlers and miners were a tad short of the usual materials for building houses. The solution was direct and simple – to build dwellings underground. The stone is soft enough to make excavation easy, and yet firm enough not to collapse; the resulting dwellings (like cave dwellings everywhere, of course) are stable in temperature throughout the year, which is good, since outside it can be anything from below freezing up to 50°C. We got a chance to see what an underground house looked like later on in the day, but there were a few other things to look at first.

Our driver, Jason, described the terrain, as he drove us towards a particular viewpoint, as having once been seabed. Clearly, the waters had receded, and when they did, a remarkable process of erosion began, and what was seabed was worn further away in some places but not in others. This left some significant outcrops of stone which appeared to have “broken away” from the rest of the landscape. Actually, they were just remaining bits of seabed, but their appearance was such that they re called

The Breakaways. It’s an extraordinary landscape.

Having admired this amazing vista for a while, we headed back to Coober Pedy. The houses there are not all underground dwellings. Some are perfectly normal houses

and some are sort of hybrid, with some areas above ground and some below.

Underground houses are marked by ventilation shafts

which you can see sticking up above ground here – clearly, there’s a need to get fresh  air circulating around the dwelling.

It’s not just housing that has gone underground; so has worship.  The town features two underground churches.  We were taken as a group to the first one, a Serbian Orthodox church, which is built into a hillside.

Inside, one can see, by looking at the roof and walls, that it’s been created by two types of drilling machine – square and round.

It’s an attractive interior

Jane and I also visited the Catholic Church in the town.

In between visiting the two churches, we had an underground lunch

which was served up in the excavated but no longer active areas of an opal mine that was still in use.  We had a quick tour before sitting down to lunch,

where one could “noodle” (sort through loose stones in search of opals) or “pick” – chip away at the rock.

Whichever method one chose, a useful implement to have to hand was a “black light”, i.e. an ultra-violet light, whose beam illustrated the presence of opals within the rock.

This was technology not available to the original settler miners. Apparently what they did was to drill until they heard the sound of glass being broken, which meant that they’d found some kind of a seam, and then proceed by hand.

Outside the lunch location was some machinery which showed that the mine was still active.

as well as an exhibit of an old-fashioned windlass, which would once have been used to hoist up excavated rock.

The final component of the day was to visit a combined opal museum and underground dwelling.

Our time there started with a short lecture about the different sorts of opals (doublets, triplets, etc) and how they’re produced, with careful polishing to bring out the colours. Then we were shown round the underground dwelling which is part of the operation. It really is just this house, you know? but with no windows.

The first three pictures below are of a section excavated in the 1920s and inhabited by a miner; the remaining pictures are of the modern extensions!

Some people professed themselves uncomfortable with the idea of sleeping in the bedroom, which could, of course, be utterly and absolutely black and carry with it the extreme risk of barking your shins or banging your head during any nocturnal wanderings. I think it would be great, provided there was just a tiny bit of illumination.

There was, of course, a retail opportunity.

Outside, one could wander up on to what was effectively to roof of the house – you can see the ventilation shafts.

Its location gave a good view over the town of Coober Pedy.

The town’s location and unique geology have made it a great location for films where utter desolation is needed (e.g. Mad Max), to the extent that the town has erected its own version of the Hollywood sign.

Wandering about, one can see that there is merciless merchandising of the underground theme.

Sadly, we didn’t have time to get to the underground bar before we had to go back to the train. En route, Jason and the other coach drivers stopped short of the train in a location which enabled people to take a shot of its entire length,

and was, of course, the location for a feeding frenzy of selfies.

We arrived back at the correct side of the train to find that the crew had set up drinks and canapes outside

which one optimist used as the venue to propose to his girlfriend.

(She said “yes”, apparently.)

And so ended an exceedingly unusual, interesting and enjoyable day, full of strange landscapes and bizarre life choices. The morrow would see us arrive into Adelaide and the end of our journey on the Ghan, so stop by these pages to see what happened when we arrived.

Heading south through the “Top End”

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Saturday 24 August 2024 – After our short time in the area, it was time to leave Darwin and head southwards, aiming for Adelaide, some 2,600km away. To do this, we would cross the “Top End”, a rather vaguely- and informally-defined section, basically the northernmost bit of the Northern Territory. This was to be a train journey, but not just any old train; we were catching the Ghan.

As seems to be inevitable with these things, it involved an early start, so the alarm went off at 0500 so that we could take breakfast before checking out of the hotel and in for the train journey. Having taken breakfast, we noted that there was a special desk set up in the hotel lobby for the train, with people’s bags clearly waiting to be transferred. We chatted with the guy there and picked up our lanyards and went to get our cases.

The baggage aspect of this had been the subject of much planning and a certain amount of angst as we worked out our strategy. A strategy was necessitated by the fact that our accommodation on the train wouldn’t have room for our suitcases; we needed to check them in and keep a few essentials back for use during a three-day, three-night journey. We had brought special foldable bags for just this purpose and so we had spent a bit of time sorting these out yesterday evening.

Imagine our surprise, when we got back to the hotel lobby with our bags, to find that the chap, his desk and all the cases had vanished, and yet it was only 7am, well before our official pickup time. There followed a certain amount of agitated making of phone calls, and we eventually established that someone was on the way to pick us up.  In the end, a small bus with a luggage trailer turned up and ended up being our private transfer to the Darwin Convention Centre (which would only have been 4 minutes’ walk away) so that we could do the real check-in. The driver told us he was the “sweeper” as there was apparently a bit of confusion generally that morning!

There were a load of people sitting outside the convention centre

And, as it turned out, inside as well;

The blurb had promised “light refreshments” – in fact we could have taken a full breakfast here, had we known. We did manage some champagne disguised as orange juice…

After a few preliminary announcements, it was time to troop out to the coaches to take us to the train, which was actually a good way away.

We were introduced to our cabin,

which was actually a lot smaller than I had been expecting, to be honest. I still had memories of a Southern Orient Express journey we’d undertaken between Brisbane and Sydney over 20 years ago, which had actually offered accommodation with a double bed, whereas this was self-evidently a bunk-up, which is getting dangerously near to camping as far as I’m concerned. At least we had shower and toilet, which is much better than the original Simplon Orient Express, which was just the bunks plus handbasin, with shower and loo down the corridor,  when we did it a few years ago.

Still, we had a good location, right next to the bar

And the dining car.

A few words about the train itself. In 1878, work started on a planned 2900km railway link between Australia’s southern and northern shores. Starting at Port Augusta on the south coast, the narrow-gauge railway reached nearly 700 km away, at which point work stopped for 40 years, and the work of transporting people and materials northwards to Alice Springs was undertaken by camel trains, which were mainly operated by people from Afghanistan. It’s widely thought that the name “The Ghan” is derived from these hardy Afghans, though many other (mainly less charitable) versions of the derivation also exist, according to the Wiki entry. It wasn’t until 1929 that the railway reached as far as Alice Springs (1200 km from the start), and it took until 1980 for a standard gauge route to reach all the way north to Darwin.

Confusing the issue slightly is a locality somewhat south of Alice Springs called Ghan, which  also owes its name to the role played by the Afghans and their camels in opening up central Australia.

Our train was 750 metres long and had two engines and thirty-five carriages, which underlined the convenience of our carriage’s location; we might have had a long walk to the bar, and that would never do.

The train set off dead on time at 0900, and having had breakfast at our hotel first thing, and been offered breakfast at the convention centre, we were then called for 1015 brunch in the dining car, which was good food and very efficiently served. It’s clearly going to be difficult not to eat too much during the three days of this train trip.

The countryside that we passed as we left Darwin showed more evidence of the burning that we’d seen.

On each of the three days of the trip we had booked some kind of excursion, at least one of which should be jolly exciting (stay tuned for more…); today’s was a sedate cruise up the Katherine River, or Nitmiluk as it’s called in the local language.

Our stop was, unsurprisingly, at the city of Katherine, where there were kapok trees in flamboyant flower by the rail side,

and we embarked on a 30-minutes coach journey, driven by the ebullient Harry, to our cruise departure point. Harry was good enough to depart from his official route to show us a bridge across the river

which apparently had been under water in the extra-exciting flooding of 1998, giving one an idea of just how much water they can get here in the wet season.

Our cruise departure was slightly chaotic, as there was no-one to tell us where to go after we got off the coach, and a coterie of the leaders determinedly set off in what turned out to be the wrong direction. But eventually it became clear where we should be going and so we all trooped on to the boat for our cruise.

The lass in the pink hat was our driver and guide, and kept up a dryly witty running commentary about what we were seeing, educating us on crocodiles, particularly the difference between salties and freshies (should you fall in, one swims towards you, the other swims away) and the difference between a canyon and a gorge (the latter has a perpetual supply of running water), as well as some of the geology that was very obviously going on around us.

The scenery was striking, with some impressive cliffs and rock formations.

They do have crocodiles here, mainly freshies, which have various nesting sites on beaches along the river (salties lay eggs among rafts of sticks in the water, apparently).

Salties would kill and eat freshies, so great efforts are taken to remove the former should they end up here, which they can when the waters run high during wet season. Therefore, from the start of the dry season various tactics are used to detect and relocate them, with a clear period of six weeks with no sightings being the requirement for declaring the area clear of rogue salties.  One tactic is very simple – a buoy.

Salties, being curious creatures, will bite these to see if they are edible, and it’s the toothmarks that give away their presence and possibly even their size.

The Katherine River Gorge actually consists of 13 gorges, something which only becomes apparent during the dry season, when the waters recede and rocky barriers appear; in the wet, the waters are high enough that there is only one gorge apparent. We were here towards the end of dry season, so we eventually reached the dead end of the first gorge

and in order to carry on, we had to get out and walk about 500m to the next gorge along.

This walk led past some rock art, painted puzzlingly high up on a sheer rock face;

and one could see the water trickling down from the next gorge along.

We hopped on board a second boat

which took us past some more impressive slabs of masonry,

and some wonderful colours.

We pottered around this second gorge for about half an hour, admiring the scenery,

and then retraced our steps to await the boat to take us back through the first gorge,

which was driven by Johnny Depp, who’s obviously out of real work at the moment.

Right at the end of the cruise (which would also have been the start, but we weren’t told about this then) our lady skipper pointed out a specially-built viewpoint high up on the opposite bank.

If you examine the rock formation under it, it would appear to be balanced on the nose of a crocodile – a pleasing illusion. [ Crocodile Rock – ? Ed ]

A bus ride then took us back to the train,

our evening meal and a relatively early night, as we had to be ready for the morrow’s adventure, which was something that we’d both been greatly looking forward to. Exactly what it was is something you’ll have to find out about by keeping in touch with these pages.